Skip to content

The French version of the site is currently undergoing maintenance work and is unavailable.

Bibliography

Scandinavia

Ahlbäck, Anders. “Soldiering and the Making of Finnish Manhood. Conscription and Masculinity in Interwar Finland, 1918–1939.” PhD Dissertation, Åbo University, 2011. http://www.doria.fi/handle/10024/67001.
Ahlund, Claes. Diktare i krig. K.G. Ossiannilsson, Bertil Malmberg och Ture Nerman från debuten till 1920 (Poets at War. K. G. Ossiannilsson, Bertil Malmberg and Ture Nerman from debut to 1920). Skrifter utgivna av Avdelningen för litteratursociologi vid Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen i Uppsala 55. Hedemora: Gidlund, 2007.
———, ed. Scandinavia in the First World War: Studies in the War Experience of the Northern Neutrals. Lund: Nordic Academic Press, 2012.
———. Underhållning och propaganda. Radschas (Iwan Aminoffs) romaner om första världskriget 1914-1915 (Entertainment and propaganda. Radscha’s (Iwan Aminoff’s) First World War novels 1914–1915). Skrifter utgivna av Avdelningen för litteratursociologi vid Litteraturvetenskapliga institutionen i Uppsala 61. Uppsala: Uppsala University, 2010.
Alapuro, Risto. State and Revolution in Finland. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1988.
Andersson, Irene. Kvinnor mot krig. Aktioner och nätverk för fred 1914-1940 (Women against war. Actions and networks for peace 1914-1940). Studia historica Lundensia 1. Lund: Lunds Universitet, 2001.
Andræ, Carl Göran. Revolt eller reform. Sverige inför revolutionerna i Europa 1917-1918 (Revolt or reform. Sweden in front of the European revolutions, 1917–1918). Stockholm: Carlsson, 1998.
Bach-Nielsen, Carsten. “Danish Christian and Theological Responses to the World War and Post-War Reconciliation.” Kirchliche Zeitgeschichte 28, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 63–79. https://doi.org/10.13109/kize.2015.28.1.63.
Bechshøft, Gitta. Tante Ebba og revolutionen: historien om de sønderjyske krigsfangers “danske moder” i Rusland: erindringer fra Riga og St. Petersborg 1911-1918. Odense: Historia, 2020.
Bendtsen, Bjarne S. “Scandinavian Interpretations of the First World War as a European Civil War.” In Shaping Neutrality throughout the First World War, edited by José-Leonardo Ruiz Sánchez, Inmaculada Cordero Olivero, and Carolina García Sanz, 361–77. Sevilla: Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2015.
———. “The Northern Front Imagined: Defending Denmark in Emil Bønnelycke’s Spartanerne (1919).” Modernist Cultures 12, no. 1 (February 20, 2017): 120–40. https://doi.org/10.3366/mod.2017.0159.
Berg, Heléne, Matz Dahlberg, and Kåre Vernby. “Post-WWI Military Disarmament and Interwar Fascism in Sweden.” Historical Methods: A Journal of Quantitative and Interdisciplinary History Online First (January 26, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/01615440.2018.1554462.
Berg, Roald. Norge på egen hånd 1905-1920 (Norway on its own, 1905-1920). Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1995.
Bloch, C., and Vedel-Petesen. “Danmark under Verdenskrigen (Denmark during the World War).” In Salmonsens Konversationsleksikon, Vol. 24, 868–924. Copenhagen: Schultz, 1928.
Bosdotter, Kjersti, Lars Ekdahl, Anne Hedén, Aapo Roselius, Lars Gogman, Arbetarnas Kulturhistoriska Sällskap, and Arbetarrörelsens Arkiv och Bibliotek, eds. Den röda våren 1918. Årsbok för Arbetarnas Kulturhistoriska Sällskap 2018. Huddinge: Arbetarnas kulturhistoriska sällskap, Arbetarrörelsens arkiv och bibliotek, 2018.
Bouguignon, Annie. “Literarische Gestaltung pazifistischer Einstellungen in Schweden nach dem Ersten Weltkrieg: Selma Lagerlöfs  Das heilige Leben und Hjalmar Söderbergs Die Schicksalsstunde.” In Heroisches Elend der Erste Weltkrieg im intellektuellen, literarischen und bildnerischen Gedächtnis der europäischen Kulturen, edited by Gislinde Seybert, 1:635–50. Frankfurt am Main: Lang, 2014.
Boysen, Jens. “Kriegserfahrung als nationale Identitätsstifterin? Ethnische Polen und Dänen als preußische Soldaten.” In Minderheiten-Soldaten: Ethnizität und Identität in den Armeen des Ersten Weltkriegs, edited by Oswald Überegger, 69–84. Krieg in der Geschichte 109. Paderborn: Ferdinand Schöningh, 2018.
Brandal, Nik, Eirik Brazier, and Ola Teige. “Securing the State: The First World War and the Birth of the Modern Surveillance State in Scandinavia.” In Histories of Surveillance from Antiquity to the Digital Era. London: Routledge, 2021.
Brandal, Nikolai, Eirik Brazier, and Ola Teige. De ukjente krigerne. Nordmenn i første verdenskrig (The unknown warriors. Norwegians in the First World War). Oslo: Humanist, 2014.
Brazier, Eirik. “Norway and the First World War: The Search for a Norwegian Identity in the Trenches, 1914-1918.” In Shaping Neutrality throughout the First World War, edited by José-Leonardo Ruiz Sánchez, Inmaculada Cordero Olivero, and Carolina García Sanz, 423–36. Sevilla: Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2015.
Brorsson, Bibbi. Morfar, var du spion?: jägaren Emil Sjöholms spännande levnadshistoria. Trensum: Bibbi Brorsson, 2019. https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/search?isbn.
Buus, Henriette, ed. Første verdenskrig ved Tunestillingen. Forsvarsvilje og hverdagsliv (The First World War and the fortifications at Tune. Morale and daily life). Greve: Greve Museum, 2010.
Carlgren, Wilhelm M. Neutralität oder Allianz. Deutschlands Beziehungen zu Schweden in den Anfangsjahren des ersten Weltkrieges. Stockholm; Göteborg; Uppsala: Almqvist och Wiksell, 1962.
Christensen, Claus Bundgård. “National Identity and Veteran Culture in a Border Region: The Danish Minority in the German Army during the First World War                                                    ,                                                            National Identity and Veteran Culture in a Border Region: The Danish Minority in the German Army during the First World War.” War in History Online First (July 5, 2018). https://doi.org/10.1177/0968344517750946.
Christensen, Steffen Lind. “Between Duty, Right and Compulsion – the Danish Minority in the German Army, 1914–1918.” First World War Studies Online First (May 24, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1080/19475020.2021.1928529.
Clemmesen, Michael H. The Danish Armed Forces 1909-1918. Between Politicians and Strategic Reality. Copenhagen: Royal Danish Defence College, 2007.
Cohn, Einar David. Danmark under den store krig; en økonomisk oversigt (Denmark during the Great War. An economic overview). Copenhagen: G.E.C. Gad, 1928.
Due-Nielsen, Carsten. “Denmark and the First World War.” Scandinavian Journal of History 10, no. 1 (1985): 1–18.
Eloranta, Jari, Eric Golson, and Peter Hedburg, eds. Small and Medium Powers in Global History: Trade, Conflicts and Neutrality from the 18th to the 20th Centuries. Perspectives in Economic and Social History 54. New York: Routledge, 2019.
Engström, Johan, and Lars Ericson, eds. Mellan björnen och örnen. Sverige och Östersjöområdet under det första världskriget, 1914-18. Föredrag hållna vid symposium i Visby, 4-7 augusti 1993 (Between the bear and the eagle. Sweden and the Baltic region during the First World War, 1914–18). Visby: Gotlands Fornsal, 1994.
Fasting, Kåre. Nils Claus Ihlen. Oslo: Gyldendal Norsk Forlag, 1955.
Franzén, Nils Olof. Undan stormen. Sverige under första världskriget (Away from the storm. Sweden during the First World War). Stockholm: Bonnier, 1986.
Fuglum, Per. Én skute, én skipper. Gunnar Knudsen som statsminister (One ship – one captain. Gunnar Knudsen as prime minister). Trondheim: Tapir, 1989.
“Full Text PDF.” Accessed July 5, 2015. http://www.vr-elibrary.de/doi/pdf/10.13109/kize.2015.28.1.63#.VZlEGPntmko.
“Full Text PDF.” Accessed March 1, 2015. http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/01629778.2015.1009691.
Gihl, Torsten. Den svenska utrikespolitikens historia IV, 1914–1919 (The history of Swedish foreign policy IV, 1914–1919). Stockholm: Norstedt, 1951.
Golson, Eric, and Jason Lennard. “Swedish Business in the First World War: A Case Study of Ball Bearings Manufacturer SKF.” In The Impact of the First World War on International Business, edited by Andrew Smith, Kevin D. Tennent, and Simon Mollan, 89–102. Routledge International Studies in Business History. London: Routledge, 2016.
———. “What Was the Impact of World War I on Swedish Economic and Business Performance? A Case Study of the Ball Bearings Manufacturer SKF.” In Small and Medium Powers in Global History: Trade, Conflicts and Neutrality from the 18th to the 20th Centuries, edited by Jari Eloranta, Eric Golson, and Peter Hedburg. Perspectives in Economic and Social History 54. New York: Routledge, 2019.
Goltz, Rüdiger. Meine Sendung in Finnland und im Baltikum. Leipzig: K.F. Koehler, 1920.
Gram-Skjoldager, Karen. “Denmark during the First World War: Neutral Policy, Economy and Culture.” Journal of Modern European History 17, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 234–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/1611894419835753.
Haapala, Pertti, and Tuomas Hoppu, eds. Sisällissodan pikkujättiläinen (Encyclopedia of the Finnish Civil War). Helsinki: W. Söderström, 2009.
Haapala, Pertti, Tuomas Hoppu, and Anu Planting, eds. Tampere 1918. A Town in the Civil War. Tampere: Tampere Museums; Museum Centre Vapriikki, 2010.
Hambro, Carl Joachim. Under den første verdenskrig (During the First World War). Oslo: Gyldendal, 1958.
Hansen, Svend Aage, and Ingrid Henriksen. Sociale brydninger. Dansk social historie 1914-1939 (Social conflicts. Danish social history 1914-1939). Copenhagen: Gyldendal, 1984.
Haug, Karl Erik. “Tyske krigsplaner og Norge under den første verdenskrig (German war plans and Norway during the First World War).” Historisk Tidsskrift 4 (1995): 423–40.
Heckscher, Eli F., ed. Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Iceland in the World War. New Haven; London: Yale University Press; Oxford University Press, 1930.
Hedberg, Peter, and Henric Häggqvist. “Wartime Trade and Tariffs in Sweden from the Napoleonic Wars to World War I.” In Small and Medium Powers in Global History: Trade, Conflicts and Neutrality from the 18th to the 20th Centuries, edited by Jari Eloranta, Eric Golson, and Peter Hedburg. Perspectives in Economic and Social History 54. New York: Routledge, 2019.
Hobson, Rolf, and Tom Kristiansen. Total krig, nøytralitet og politisk splittelse, 1905-1940 (Total war, neutrality and political divisions, 1905-1940). Norsk forsvarshistorie 3. Bergen: Eide, 2001.
Hoppu, Tuomas. Tampereen naiskaarti. Myytit ja todellisuus (Female guards at Tampere. Myths and reality). Helsinki: Ajatus, 2008.
Huhta, Aleksi. “From the Eastern Front to the Western Frontier: The Transimperial Life of a Finnish Worker During the First World War.” In Finnish Colonial Encounters, edited by Raita Merivirta, Leila Koivunen, and Timo Särkkä, 225–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80610-1_9.
Ihalainen, Pasi, and Taina Saarinen. “Integrating a Nexus: The History of Political Discourse and Language Policy Research.” Rethinking History Online First (August 12, 2019). https://doi.org/10.1080/13642529.2019.1638587.
Jonas, Michael. “Neutral Allies, Immoral Pariahs? Scandinavian Neutrality, International Law and the Great Power Politics in the First World War.” In Shaping Neutrality throughout the First World War, edited by José-Leonardo Ruiz Sánchez, Inmaculada Cordero Olivero, and Carolina García Sanz, 437–50. Sevilla: Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2015.
———. Scandinavia and the Great Powers in the First World War. London: Bloomsbury academic, 2019.
Jørgensen, Kasper Elmquist. Studier i samspillet mellem stat og erhvervsliv i Danmark under 1. verdenskrig (Studies in the interaction between government and Business interests in Denmark during World War I). Copenhagen: Copenhagen Business School, 2005.
Jussila, Osmo, Seppo Hentilä, and Jukka Nevakivi. Historia polityczna Finlandii, 1809-1999 (The political history of Finland, 1809-1999). Translated by Bożena Kojro. Krakow: TAiWPN Universitas, 2001.
Keilhau, Wilhelm. Norge og verdenskrigen (Norway and the World War). Oslo: Aschehoug, 1927.
———. “Norway and the World War.” In Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Iceland in the World War, edited by Eli F. Heckscher. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1930.
Kemppi, Jarkko. Isänmaan puolesta: jääkäriliikkeen ja jääkärien historia (On behalf of the Fatherland. The history of Jägers and the Jäger Movement). Helsinki: Minerva, 2011.
Kesselring, Agilolf. Des Kaisers “finnische Legion”: die finnische Jägerbewegung im Ersten Weltkrieg im Kontext der deutschen Finnlandpolitik. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2005.
Kinnunen, Tiina. “Ellen Key and Rudolf Kjellén on War, Peace, and the Future of Post-First World War Europe.” Scandinavian Journal of History 44, no. 2 (March 15, 2019): 150–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2018.1530137.
Klovland, Jan Tore. “The Price of Neutrality: Ocean Freight Rates and Shipping Policy towards the Northern Neutrals during the First World War.” Scandinavian Economic History Review 0, no. 0 (April 1, 2021): 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/03585522.2021.1901777.
Koblik, Steven. Sweden: The Neutral Victor. Sweden and the Western Powers 1917 - 1918. A Study of Anglo-American-Swedish Relations. Stockholm: Läromedelsförlagen, 1972.
Koren, Elisabeth Solvang. Hedret og glemt: krigsseilerne fra første verdenskrig og det norkse samfunnet. Bergen: Fagbokforlaget, 2020. https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/search?isbn.
Kuldkepp, Mart. “Sweden’s Historical Mission and World War I: A Regionalist Theory of Swedish Activism.” Scandinavian Journal of History 39, no. 1 (January 15, 2014): 126–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/03468755.2013.871332.
Lackman, Matti. Suomen vai Saksan puolesta? Jääkäreiden tuntematon historia (On behalf of Finland or Germany? The unknown history of the Jägers). Helsinki: Otava, 2000.
Lauerma, Matti. Kuninkaallinen Preussin Jääkäripataljoona 27: vaiheet ja vaikutus (The Royal Prussian Jäger Battalion 27: events and influence). Porvoo: W. Söderström, 1966.
Lien, Robin. “Et uforenlig Norden? Nøytralt samarbeid under første verdenskrig, 1914-1918.” Master thesis, The University of Bergen, 2019. https://bora.uib.no/handle/1956/19856.
Lindberg, Jak. Kr. Indtægtsforskydningen i Danmark 1908-1920 (The changes in income in Denmark 1908-1920). Copenhagen, 1921.
Lindeberg, Lars. De så det ske. Danmark under 1. verdenskrig 1914-18 og Genforeningen 1920 skildret af samtidige, soldater og civile, journalister, forfattere, digtere, malere, tegnere og fotografer (Eyewitnesses. Denmark under World War I 1914-1918 and the Reunification as reportd by contemporaries, soldiers and civilians, journalists, novelists, poets, artists and photographers). Copenhagen: Skrifola, 1966.
“Link to Library Catalog Entry.” Accessed September 7, 2019. http://www.sudoc.fr/237028239.
Malmi, Timo, and Ari Järvelä, eds. Tampere tulessa 1918 (The Tampere fire of 1918). Jyväskyla: Atena, 2008.
Manor, Ehud. “The War to End All Wars and Then What?: Some Jewish Insights into the ‘Jewish Question,’ New York and Stockholm, 1915-1919.” In The First World War Analysis and Interpretation., edited by Antonello Biagini and Giovanna Motta, 2:47–56. Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2016.
Meri, Veijo. C.G. Mannerheim: Suomen marsalkka (C.G. Mannerheim: Marshal of Finland). Porvoo: W. Söderström, 1988.
Michael, Jonas. “Activism, Diplomacy and Swedish–German Relations during the First World War.” New Global Studies 8, no. 1 (2014). http://ideas.repec.org/a/bpj/nglost/v8y2014i1p17n1.html.
Mortensen, Keld. Skodborg Sogns faldne i den store Krig 1914-1918: æret være deres minde. Rodding: Skodborg Sogns Hjemstvnsforening, 2018. https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/search?isbn=9788797116708&db=100.
Naastad Strom, Knut Ola. “The Atlantic Orientation Norway and the Western Blockade of Germany, 1914–1918.” In Small and Medium Powers in Global History: Trade, Conflicts and Neutrality from the 18th to the 20th Centuries, edited by Jari Eloranta, Eric Golson, and Peter Hedburg. Perspectives in Economic and Social History 54. New York: Routledge, 2019.
Olsson, Per Allan, and Rainer Schlösser. Kriegsgefangene und ihre Engel: schwedische Helfer im Ersten Weltkrieg. München: AVM.edition, 2021.
Petersen, Klaus. “The Welfare Defence: Military Security and Social Welfare in Denmark from 1848 to the Cold War.” Historical Social Research / Historische Sozialforschung 45, no. 2 (172) (2020): 164–86. https://doi.org/10.2307/26897904.
Rasmussen, Erik. Velfærdsstaten på vej. Danmarks historie 1913-1939 (The coming of the Welfare State. A history of Denmark 1913-1939). Copenhagen: Politikens Forlag, 1965.
“RePEc Snapshot.” Accessed July 31, 2014. http://ideas.repec.org/a/bpj/nglost/v8y2014i1p17n1.html.
Riste, Olav. Norway’s Foreign Relations. A History. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 2001.
———. The Neutral Ally. Norway’s Relations with Belligerent Powers in the First World War. Oslo: Universitetsforlaget, 1965.
Roselius, Aapo, and Oula Silvennoinen. Finlands okända krig: finska och skandinaviska frikårer i Baltikum och Ryssland 1918-20. Translated by Mattias Huss. Stockholm: Lind & Co, 2021.
Rystad, Göran. “The Åland Question and the Balance of Power in the Baltic during the First World War.” In In Quest of Trade and Security: The Baltic in Power Politics, 1500-1990, edited by Klaus-Richard Böhme, W. M. Carlgren, and Göran Rystad, Vol. II: 1890-1990. Stockholm, 1995.
Salmon, Patrick. Scandinavia and the Great Powers, 1890-1940. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997. http://site.ebrary.com/id/10454476.
Schauffler, David. “‘An Impossible Thing’: Danish Neutrality in the First World War, Its Causes and Consequences.” In Personal Narratives, Peripheral Theatres: Essays on the Great War (1914–18), 239–54. Second Language Learning and Teaching. Springer, Cham, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-66851-2_16.
Schreiner, Johan. Norsk skipsfart under krig og høykonjunktur 1914-1920 (Norwegian shipping during war and economic boom 1914-1920). Oslo: J. W. Cappelens Forlag, 1963.
Screen, John Ernest Oliver. Mannerheim: The Years of Preparation. London: C. Hurst, 1970.
Segelke, Arne. Deutsche und britische Propaganda in Dänemark während des Ersten Weltkrieges. Berlin: Berliner Wissenschafts-Verlag, 2019. https://opacplus.bsb-muenchen.de/search?isbn.
Siltala, Juha. “Dissolution and Reintegration in Finland, 1914–1932: How Did a Disarmed Country Become Absorbed into Brutalization?” Journal of Baltic Studies 46, no. 1 (January 2, 2015): 11–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/01629778.2015.1009691.
Skafte Overgaard, Svend. “Mikkel Hindhede and the Science and Rhetoric of Food Rationing in Denmark 1917-1918.” In Food and War in Twentieth Century Europe, edited by Ina Zweiniger-Bargielowska, Rachel Duffett, and Alain Drouard, 201–16. Abingdon: Routledge, 2011. http://repository.essex.ac.uk/583/.
“Smaller States, Trade, and Conflicts from the 18th to the 20th Centuries -- Int,” n.d.
Søndergaard Bendtsen, Bjarne. Mellem fronterne: studier i Første Verdenskrigs virkning på og udtryk i dansk kultur med særligt fokus på litterære skildringer 1914-1939 (Between the lines: the First World War and Danish culture. Literary and other representations 1914-1939). Odense: Syddansk Universitet, 2011.
Strøm, Knut Ola. “Between the Devil and the Deep Blue Sea: Trade Negotiations between the Western Allies and the Scandinavian Neutrals, 1914-1919.” PhD, Göteborgs universite, 2019. https://gupea.ub.gu.se/handle/2077/59324.
Sturfelt, Lina. Eldens Återsken: Första Världskriget i Svensk Föreställningsvärld (Reflections of Fire: Images of the First World War in Sweden). Lund: Sekel, 2008.
Suchoples, Jarosław. “In the Peripheries of Europe, on the Outskirts of Petrograd. World War I and Finland, 1914–1919.” In Re-Visiting World War I: Interpretations and Perspectives of the Great Conflict, edited by Jarosław Suchoples and Stephanie James, 353-. New York: Peter Lang, 2016.
Szordykowska, Barbara. Historia Finlandii (The history of Finland). Warsaw: Trio, 2011.
Tenold, Stig. “The First World War: The Neutral Ally.” In Norwegian Shipping in the 20th Century: Norway’s Successful Navigation of the World’s Most Global Industry, edited by Stig Tenold, 63–89. Palgrave Studies in Maritime Economics. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95639-8_3.
Tepora, Tuomas, and Aapo Roselius, eds. Finnish Civil War 1918. History, Memory, Legacy. Vol. forthcoming. Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2014.
Thommessen, Rolf. Norges utenrikspolitik under verdenskrigen (Norway’s foreign policy during the World War). Kristiania: Aschehoug, 1917. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/41008335.html.
Thorsen, Isak. “Nordisk Films Kompagni Will Now Become the Biggest in the World.” Film History: An International Journal 22, no. 4 (2010): 463–78. https://doi.org/10.1353/fih.2010.0028.
Tikka, Marko. Kenttäoikeudet: välittömät rankaisutoimet Suomen sisällissodassa 1918 (Court-Martial without law: punitive measures in the Finnish Civil War of 1918). Helsinki: Suomalaisen Kirjallisuuden Seura, 2004.
Turtola, Martti, and Maimu Berg. President Konstantin Päts: Eesti ja Soome teed (President Konstantin Päts: Estonia’s and Finland’s way). Tallinn: Tänapäev, 2003.
Upton, Anthony F. The Finnish Revolution, 1917-1918. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1980.
Værholm, Monica, and Lars Fredrik Øksendal. “Leaving the Anchor. Monetary Policy in Neutral Norway during the First World War.” International History Review 32, no. 4 (2010): 661–86.
Wedvik, Barbro. “A Glimpse into the House and Decorative Paint Market in Norway During World War I (1914–1918).” In Conservation of Modern Oil Paintings, edited by Klaas Jan van den Berg, Ilaria Bonaduce, Aviva Burnstock, Bronwyn Ormsby, Mikkel Scharff, Leslie Carlyle, Gunnar Heydenreich, and Katrien Keune, 87–95. Cham: Palgrave Macmillan, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-19254-9_6.
“Worldcat Link.” Accessed September 7, 2019. http://www.worldcat.org/search?q=no%3A1100272555.
Wyller, Thomas. “Utvidelsen av statens myndighetsområde i Norge under første verdenskrig (The extension of state power in Norway during the First World War).” Historisk Tidsskrift 4 (1960 1959): 321–37.
Ylikangas, Heikki. Tie Tampereelle, 1918. Dokumentoitu kuvaus Tampereen antautumiseen johtaneista sotatapahtumista Suomen sisällissodassa (The road to Tampere, 1918. A documented description of Tampere, which led to the end of the Finnish civil war). Porvoo: W. Söderström, 1993.